How much does an adult salmon weight?
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The common name for several species of fish is Salmon.The fish in the same family include trout, char, grayling, and whitefish.The North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean are home to salmon.Many salmon species have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America.Salmon are grown in many parts of the world.[2]
Salmon hatch in fresh water and migrate to the ocean to reproduce.Several species are restricted to fresh water throughout their lives.The fish return to the exact spot where they hatched.Tracking studies show this to be true.The percent of straying depends on the species of salmon.Homing behavior is dependent on olfactory memory.The Salmon date back to the Neogene.There is a citation needed.
The Latin salmo means "to leap", which is what the term "salmon" means.There are nine commercially important species of salmon.The Atlantic salmon is one of the species found in the North Atlantic.There are eight species of Oncorhynchus which are only found in the North Pacific.Pacific salmon are a group.There are chinook salmon in New Zealand.In Patagonia, coho, freshwater sockeye, and Atlantic salmon have been established.[6]
There are a number of species referred to as trout in the Oncorhynchus genera.In English, additional minor taxa have been called salmon.Both the Adriatic salmon and the Black Sea salmon are known as salmo obtusirostris.The rainbow trout that migrates to sea is not called a salmon.
In addition, there are other species that have common names which refer to them as salmon, as in the above list.The Danube salmon or huchen is a large freshwater salmonid related to the salmon above, but others are marine fishes of the unrelated Perciformes order.
Scientists are trying to figure out how the different species of salmon differed from one another.40 million years ago, there was a divergence between Pacific and Atlantic salmon.10 to 20 million years ago, there was a divergence in the fossil record and analysis of mitochondrial DNA.The evidence shows that salmon divergence occurred before the glaciers began their cycle of advance and retreat.[39]
Salmon eggs are usually laid in high latitudes.Eggs hatch into fish.The fry quickly turn into parr with vertical stripes.The parr stay for six months to three years in their natal stream before becoming smolts, which are distinguished by their bright, silvery colour with scales that are easily rubbed off.Salmon eggs are estimated to survive 10% of the time.50
They can live in salt water because of the smolt body chemistry.While a few species of salmon remain in fresh water throughout their life cycle, the majority are anadromous and migrate to the ocean for maturation.Alterations in the function of osmoregulatory organs such as the gills can be caused by this body chemistry change.The fish can endure the transition from a freshwater environment to the ocean with the help of hormones.
The salmon spend about one to five years in the open ocean, where they gradually become sexually mature.The adult salmon return to their streams.Atlantic salmon spend a long time at sea.In Canada, Britain, and Ireland, a fish is called a grilse when it comes back from the sea after a year.Large males may not notice Grilse because they release their own sperm on the eggs.There is a page needed.
Salmon undergoes changes prior to spawning.They can grow a hump, develop canine-like teeth, or develop a kype.The silvery blue of a fresh-run fish from the sea changes to a darker colour.Salmon can move hundreds of miles upstream against strong currents and rapids to reproduce.In central Idaho, chinook and sockeye salmon travel over 1,400 km and climb over 7,000 ft from the Pacific Ocean as they return to their spawning grounds.When the fish are known as kelts, their condition gets worse the longer they remain in fresh water.In Pacific salmon, mature individuals die within a few days or weeks of spawning, a trait known as semelparity.Atlantic salmon kelts can survive up to 4% of the time.Postspawning mortality is high in salmon species that may survive to spawn more than once.
To lay her roe, the female salmon uses her tail to create a low-pressure zone, lifting gravel to be swept downstream, excavating a shallow depression called a redd.There may be 5,000 eggs in the redd.The eggs range from orange to red.One or more males approach the female in her redd, depositing sperm, or milt, over the roe.The female covered the eggs by disturbing the gravel at the edge of the depression before moving on to make another redd.Before her supply of eggs is exhausted, the female may make as many as seven redds.[49]
The fish experience a period of rapid growth during the summer and slower growth in the winter.Similar to the growth rings visible in a tree trunk, this results in ring formation around an earbone called the otolith.Sea growth is marked by erosion as body mass is converted into eggs and milt.
Important habitat for many salmon species can be found in freshwater streams and estuaries.They feed on insects, crustaceans, and fish when they are young.Eggs are laid in deeper water with larger gravel and need cool water and good water flow to supply oxygen to the developing embryo.Reductions in river flow, siltation, high water temperatures, low oxygen concentration, and loss of stream cover are some of the factors that can lead to high salmon mortality in the early life stages.Estuaries and wetlands provide vital nursery areas for salmon prior to their departure to the ocean.Wetlands help buffer the estuary from silt and pollutants, as well as providing important feeding and hiding areas.
phenoptosis, or "programmed aging", can be seen in salmon not killed by other means.The release of large amounts of corticosteroids causes their bodies to rapidly decline.
As they prepare for the transition to the ocean, the parr lose their camouflage bars and become smolt.
Salmon are keystone species in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska.The bodies of salmon are rich in nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and phosphorus, which are transferred from the ocean to the forest.
The bears capture salmon and carry them into wooded areas.They deposit poop and carcasses there.Bears can leave up to half the salmon they harvest on the forest floor in densities that can reach 4,000 kilograms perhectare.There is a stream where grizzlies fish salmon have been found to contain nitrogen from fished salmon.[59]
In the process of clear-cutting and damming, beavers alter their ecosystems extensively.Critical habitat for juvenile salmon can be provided by boa ponds.The Columbia River Basin had an example of this in the years after 1818.
The British government made an agreement with the U.S. government to allow Americans access to the Columbia Treaty.The Hudson's Bay Company sent trappers to extirpate all furbearers from the area in order to make it less attractive to U.S. fur traders.Salmon runs plummeted even in the absence of many of the factors usually associated with the demise of salmon runs.Salmon recruitment can be affected by dams.
There are salmon in estuarine tidal marshes where the salinity is less than 10 parts per million.The myrtle zone has small dams of less than 60 cm (2 ft) high.Water can be held at low tide by these dams.This gives refuges for juvenile salmon so they don't have to swim in large channels.[63]
Losing the lampreys can affect the salmon in a negative way.After spawning, anadromous lampreys stop feeding and die, releasing their decomposing bodies into the stream.Along with species like rainbow trout and Sacramento sucker, lampreys clean the gravel in the rivers during spawning.They are filter feeders which contribute to the health of the waters.Being fattier and oilier, it is assumed that predator prefer them over salmon offspring, taking off some of the pressure on smolts.Unreliable source?Adult lampreys are the preferred prey of seals and sea lions, which allow more adult salmon to enter the rivers without being eaten by the marine mammals.There are 66 and 67 words.
The myxozoan parasites are found in the flesh of salmonids.Field samples of salmon have been recorded.The fish walls off the cysts that contain the fluid.There is a lot of parasites in this fluid.
The salmon is one of two hosts for the myxosporean group of parasites.After spawning, the fish release the spores.The spores enter a second host, most likely an insect, in the spawning stream.The second host releases a stage infective to salmon when they migrate to the Pacific Ocean.The parasites are carried in the salmon until the next spawning cycle.The life cycle of the myxosporean parasites is similar to the one in trout.The host salmon don't appear to be affected by the Henneguya infestation, even though it can cause disease.
According to Dr. Kieser, scientists at the Pacific Biological Station in Nanaimo did a lot of work on the fish that have the longest fresh water residence time.In order of prevalence, coho are the most infectious.The middle and upper reaches of large river systems in British Columbia such as Fraser, Skeena, Nass and from mainland coastal streams in the southern half of B.C. are more likely to have stocks, according to the report.The report states that it is not harmful to public health.The fish parasites can't live in or affect warm blooded animals.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency says that Henneguya salminicola is found in southern B.C.Also in all salmon species.Some sockeye runs in the west coast of British Columbia and southern B.C. have been noted for their high incidence of cysts.There is a citation needed.
Sea lice can be fatal to both farm-grown and wild salmon.Sea lice are parasites which feed on mucus, blood, and skin and can persist for several days on the skin of wild salmon.72, 73, and 74.
Large numbers of highly populated, open-net salmon farms can create large concentrations of sea lice, which can cause many young wild salmon to die.Adult salmon may survive, but small, thin-skinned juvenile salmon are vulnerable.The mortality of pink salmon is very high on the Pacific coast of Canada.[78]
Dr. Halvorsen and her co-workers studied the risk of injury caused by underwater pile driving.The fish are at risk of injury if the cumulative sound exposure level is greater than 1 Pa2 s.
The production chart at the left shows that the global capture of commercial wild salmon has remained fairly constant since 1990.This is in contrast to salmon that has increased in the same period from about 0.6 million to over two million.40
Pacific salmon are the majority of captured wild salmon.The capture of wild Atlantic salmon has always been small.There were only 2,500 tonnes reported in 2011.Half of all salmon is Atlantic salmon.
Sport fishing for salmon can be difficult for beginners.There is a conflict between commercial and recreational fishermen.Sport fishing can be done in estuaries and coastal areas if enough salmon return to their natal rivers.Inshore commercial fishing is completely replaced by sport salmon fishing on parts of the North American west coast.In most cases, the commercial value of a salmon can be several times less than the value attributed to the same fish caught by a sport fisherman.The stock resources should be allocated preferentially to sport fishing.[83]
The world production of farmed finfish is worth about $10 billion a year.Tila, catfish, sea bass, carp and bream are some of the commonly cultured fish species.Most of the salmon consumed in the United States and Europe comes from salmon farming.In small volumes, Atlantic salmon are farmed in Russia and Australia.
The salmon are large.They are fed a meal from catching fish.There is a high demand for wild fish.farmed salmon consume more fish than they generate as a final product because they require large nutrition intakes.The amount of fish needed to produce one kilo of salmon depends on the weight of the fish.75% of the world's monitored fisheries are already near to or have exceeded their maximum sustainable yield as the salmon farming industry expands.The survivability of the wild predator fish which rely on them for food is affected by the industrial-scale removal of wild fish for salmon farming.
In the salmon diet, work continues on substituting vegetable proteins for animal ones.The substitution results in lower levels of Omega 3 in the product.
Open-net cages have low production costs.Disease and sea lice can be spread to local wild salmon stocks.[84]
Raising salmon in hatcheries until they are old enough to be independent is a form of salmon production that is less controllable.They are released into rivers to increase the population of salmon.The system is referred to as ranching.It was common in Sweden before the Norwegians developed salmon farming, but is not done by private companies.When salmon return to spawning, a company is limited in how much they can benefit from their investment.
The ranching method has been used by various public authorities and nonprofit groups as a way to increase salmon populations in situations where they have declined due to overharvesting, construction of dams, and habitat destruction.Genetic "dilution" of the wild stocks is a negative consequence of population manipulation.Many jurisdictions are starting to discourage supplemental fish planting in favor of harvest controls and habitat improvement.
Ocean ranching, a variant method of fish stocking, is being developed in Alaska.Young salmon are released into the ocean far from any wild salmon streams.Fishermen can catch them when they return to where they were released.
spawning channels are an alternative method to hatcheries.Artificial streams are usually parallel to an existing stream with concrete or rip-rap sides.The water from the adjacent stream is piped into the top of the channel.Control of floods can wash out natural redds in some years, so spawning success is better in channels.Sometimes the spawning channels must be cleaned out because of the lack of floods.The floods that destroy natural redds also clean the regular streams.There is no benefit to using prophylactic chemicals to control diseases in spaswning channels.There is a citation needed.
Farm-raised salmon are fed carotenoids and canthaxanthin to match their flesh colour to wild salmon to improve their marketability.Wild salmon get their astaxanthin from eating seafood.
There is a proposal to use soy-based products instead of wild-caught fish for salmon feed.Producing soy beans has a high environmental cost and should be better for the local environment of the fish farm.The fish's Omega 3 content would be reduced.
A possible alternative is a yeast-based coproduct of bioethanol production.Equal growth in fish can be achieved by substituting engineered feed.With its increasing availability, this would address the problems of rising costs for buying fish feed.
The increased use of seaweed is an attractive alternative.Minerals and vitamins are provided by seaweed.It has a lower glycemic load than grain-based fish meal and provides natural amounts of fiber.In the best-case scenario, seaweed could be used to raise fish without the need for land, freshwater, orfertilizer.The verification was failed.
In the Atlantic and some parts of the Pacific, salmon population levels are of concern.The population of wild salmon has declined in recent decades, especially in the North Atlantic and Snake and Columbia River systems of the United States.
After the state initiated limitations in 1972, catches have been on the rise.The most important Alaskan salmon sustainable wild fisheries are located near the Kenai River, Copper River and Bristol Bay.There is a network of publicly funded hatcheries and the State of Alaska is seen as a leader in the management of wild fish stocks.
Commercial, subsistence and recreational fishing, as well as the area's diverse wildlife on the coast and around communities hundreds of miles inland are supported by returning Skeena River wild salmon.In Washington, the status of wild salmon is mixed.Only 187 of the 435 wild salmon and steelhead stocks were classified as healthy, one was extinct, 12 were in critical condition and 122 were experiencing depressed populations.95
Millions of dollars in losses to commercial fishermen have been caused by critically low returns on the Klamath and Sacramento rivers in recent years.Atlantic and Pacific salmon are popular sportfish.
There are salmon populations in the Great Lakes.The state of Michigan planted coho stocks to control the population of non-native alewife.All of the Great Lakes are stocked with chinook, Atlantic, and coho salmon every year.These populations do not provide much in the way of commercial fishing, but they have led to the development of a thriving sport fishery.
Pacific salmon populations have been established in New Zealand.They are prized by sport fishers, but others worry that native fish species will be displaced.Both Atlantic and Pacific salmon are used in net pen farming.
There were declines in the sizes of four species of Pacific salmon in 2020.Climate change and competition with growing numbers of pink and hatchery salmon are thought to be behind the declines that have been occurring for 30 years.There are 99 and 89 items.
Salmon is a popular food.Salmon is classified as an oily fish due to its high levels of vitamins and minerals.Depending on the species, salmon is a source of cholesterol, with a range of 23–214mg/100 g.According to reports in the journal Science, farmed salmon may have high levels of dioxins.PCB levels in farmed salmon may be up to eight times higher than in wild salmon, but still below levels considered dangerous.According to a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the benefits of eating even farmed salmon still outweigh the risks.Farmed salmon has a higher Omega 3 content than wild salmon.Other important health functions may not be affected by the type of Omega 3 present.It's vague.
White-fleshed wild salmon with white-black skin colour occurs.The salmon's natural colour is due to the use of astaxanthin and canthaxanthins in the flesh.Salmon get their carotenoids from eating small crustaceans.
Almost 99% of Atlantic salmon is farmed, whereas the majority of Pacific salmon are wild-caught.Some farmed salmon is available in canned form in the US.Hot or cold smoked salmon is a popular preparation method.It is possible to refer to either cold-smoked salmon or salmon cured in a brine solution.Some skin and bone are included in traditional canned salmon.Boneless canned salmon is also available.
There are marine parasites that cause anisakiasis.The Japanese used to not eat raw salmon.Salmon and salmon roe can be used to make sushi and sashimi.[115]
The Pacific Northwest Coast's Indigenous people consider salmon a vital part of their diet.Many other bands have fished Pacific waters for centuries, but the indigenous peoples of Haida Gwaii rely on salmon as one of their main sources of food.Salmon is important because it is expressed in culture, art forms, and ceremonial feasts.Salmon feed on everything on the way upstream and down.Salmon is prepared in a number of ways, including smoking, baking, frying, and making soup.
People would not overfish and only took what they needed.There are 595 First Nation-owned and operated commercial vessels in the province, according to a report commissioned by BC's Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries.First Nations' members owned 564 vessels.In the last decade, employment within the industry has decreased by 50%, with 8,142 registered commercial fishermen.Many fisherman rely on salmon as a source of income, and this has affected their employment.
Black bears rely on salmon for food.The soil, trees, and plants are important for the Canadian forest because of the leftovers the bears leave behind.The salmon feed the forest and in return receive clean water and gravel in which to hatch and grow, sheltered from extremes of temperature and water flow.The condition of the salmon has changed in recent decades.Due to logging and development, much of the salmon's habitat has been destroyed.Limits on catches have resulted in limits on diet and cultural events.Some of the salmon systems are in danger.Further protection is needed for salmon in their habitats, where logging is common.
The salmon has been at the center of the culture and livelihood of coastal dwellers, which can be traced back as far as 5,000 years when archeologists discovered Nisqually tribes remnants.The original distribution of Genus Oncorhynchus covered the Pacific Rim coastline.For 18–22 million years, salmon used rivers and estuaries without regard to jurisdiction.There have been massive depletion since the 1900s based on the inconsistent historical data.The Pacific Northwest used to have native inhabitants who practiced eco management to make sure there wasn't much degradation caused by their actions.The indigenous people relied on spiritual guidance and not only for salmon.The people were guided by the salmon spirit to respect the ecological systems of the rivers and tributaries.Natives used the entire fish to make things such as bones, skin, and glue, leaving no waste.The first salmon ceremony was held by the indigenous tribes on the Pacific coast.The welcoming of the first catch, followed by cooking and the return of bones to the Sea will induce the people of that village to give their lives to other salmon.Many tribes such as the Yurok had a taboo against harvesting the first fish that swam upriver in the summer, but once they confirmed that the salmon had returned in abundance they would begin to catch them in plentiful quantities.When Euro-American settlements began to be developed, the indigenous practices were eradicated.Salmon have a much better history than what we see today.The population and size of the salmon that used to dominate the ocean are very small.The population of Pacific salmon is less than it was when Lewis and Clark arrived.In his 1908 State of the Union address, President Theodore Roosevelt stated that the fisheries were in decline.
If the United States Government had taken charge of the Columbia River's salmon fisheries, they would be a lot better off today.The two legislatures have never been able to agree on joint action of any kind adequate in degree for the protection of the fisheries because the fishermen of each State have naturally tried to take all they could get.There is no limit on the Washington side of any kind, and no one can tell what the courts will decide as to the very statutes under which this action and non-action result are.The fisheries will amount to nothing over the next four years due to a struggle between the associated, or gill-net, fishermen and the owners of the fishing wheels up the river.
The Chief Joseph Dam completely blocks salmon migration to the upper Columbia River system in 1955.
The Fraser River salmon population was affected by a slide in 1914.The 1913 catch was one quarter of the 1917 catch.[118]