Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order, died.
The founder of the Jesuit order, Ignatius of Loyola, died in Rome.The Jesuit order played an important role in the Counter-Reformation and eventually succeeded in converting millions around the world to Catholicism.
In 1491, the son of a noble and wealthy Spanish family called the Loyolas was born in his family's ancestral castle.He trained as a knight and went in the service of a relative, the duke of Najera and viceroy of Navarre, who was interested in church matters.During the siege of Pamplona by the French in May 1521, his legs were shattered by a cannonball.He was seriously wounded and was taken to his family's castle, where he lay in convalescence for weeks.He was given the bible and a book on the saints.He decided to live an austere life in imitation of the saints after seeing the service of God as a kind of holy chivalry.
There is a wooden statue of the Virgin Mary and Child in Montserrat.His sword and dagger were hung near the statue as a sign of his conversion to a holy life.He lived as a beggar and prayed for seven hours a day in a cave near Manresa in northeastern Spain.His manual for spiritual meditation and conversion was composed during this time.He went to Jerusalem in 1523.
After returning to Spain in 1524), Ignatius decided to gain an extensive education to prepare himself for his spiritual mission.He obtained followers at the University of Alcala, where he studied.He was accused of heresy and tried in Alcala and Salamanca, but both times he was acquitted.He went to the University of Paris to continue his studies after being forbidden to teach until he became a priest.
The Jesuit movement was born in August 1534 when six of his followers went to Montmartre near Paris to take vows of poverty and chastity and make plans to convert Muslims.They promised to give themselves to the pope for apostolic work if they couldn't travel to Holy Land.In 1537, most of his companions were ordination.Unable to travel to Jerusalem because of the Turkish wars, they went to Rome to meet with the pope and request permission to form a new religious order.The outline of the Society of Jesus was approved by Pope Paul III.
The Society of Jesus grew quickly under the leadership of Ignatius.Jesuit missionaries played a leading role in the Counter-Reformation and won back many of the European faithful who had been lost to Protestantism.Jesuits were dispatched to India, Brazil, the Congo region, and Ethiopia.In Rome, the Jesuits established the Roman College and the Germanicum, a school for German priests.One of the Jesuits' charitable organizations was for former prostitutes.On July 31, 1556, there were more than 1,000 Jesuit priests.
The Jesuits set up ministries around the world.The Black-Robes, as they were known in Native America, preceded European countries in their takeover of foreign lands and societies.Thousands of priests were killed by foreign authorities hostile to their mission of conversion, and the life of a Jesuit was one of immense risk.The Jesuits were revered as men of wisdom and science in India and China.
Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Jesuits in 1773 due to the rise of nationalism in Europe.Pope Pius VII reestablished the Jesuits as an order in 1814 after popular demand, and they continue their missionary work today.In 1622, Ignatius de Loyola was canonized as a Catholic saint.July 31 is his feast day.
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