Is effflorescence harmful? What causes it and how to prevent it?
Dissolvable salts in water are transported through porous materials such as concrete, brick, block and stone through capillary action.When the air causes the water to evaporate, it leaves a white powdery substance on the surface, called efflorescence.
efflorescence is an indication of the amount of water in the concrete, brick or stone.
efflorescence is not considered to be a major concern when observed around a home, but there are a few instances when it can be serious and a warning sign of a problem.
Due to the use of calcium chloride, concrete that was placed in the winter months may have more efflorescence.
It's a little like a sponge.Sulfates and calcium deposits can be carried from the soil to the surface by capillary action.
A concrete column 6 miles high could be used as a theoretical capillary action.
About 500 to 300 pounds of pressure is created by capillary action in concrete.There is little concern about the pressures from capillary action since most concrete in residential construction is 2,000 to 3,500 psi in strength.Sometimes overtime salt deposits can build up on the surface and below and when the water begins to flow through these areas, it can cause some concrete to crack or spall.
These types of issues are more of a concern in large infrastructure projects than in normal residential homes.
There are a few warning signs that could prompt a home owner or buyer to do more research.The examples would be:
It can cause the concrete or brick to crack or spall when it is frozen.The deteriorated surface of the concrete or brick is a result of this.There may be limited damage when this occurs over a number of years.This issue is easy to manage for homeowners.
There can be a risk of mold in a home if there is a lot of water in it.Musty odors and mold should be checked.
It is a good idea to try milder methods and remember that it is not uncommon for efflorescence to come back.
The majority of the time efflorescence is not a structural issue.It is wise to use seal compounds and improve drainage under a few circumstances.Home inspectors often point out efflorescence in their reports.
If there appears to be damage such as spalling, significant cracks or rust stains, it is wise to further investigate efflorescence issues.
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