There are things to know about the history of the backpack.
A backpack is, in its simplest form, a cloth sack carried on one's back and secured with two straps that go over the shoulders.
Because of the limited capacity to carry heavy weights for long periods of time in the hands, backpacks are often preferred to handbags for carrying heavy loads or carrying any sort of equipment.
Large backpacks, used to carry loads over 20 lbs, as well as smaller sports backpacks.Running, cycling, hiking and hydration usually leave the bulk of their weight on padded hip belts, leaving the shoulder straps for stabilizing the load.This improves the ability to carry heavy loads, as the hips are stronger than the shoulders, and also increases agility and balance, since the load rides nearer the wearer's own center of mass.
The United States had a backpack in the 1910s.Moneybag and packsack are now used as regionalisms.
In the UK, US and other Western military forces, the word rucksack is a German loanword.The Upper German and Swiss word ruggsack means "back" in Middle High German.The word "der Rucksack" is used in modern German.The name rucksack is related to the Danes, Norwegians, Dutch, Swedes, and Russians.
Until the middle of the 20th century, knapsack was the usual name for a backpack.This is used in Canada.
The haversack from the German Hafersack is a small cloth bag on a strap worn over one shoulder and originally referred to the bag of oats carried as horse fodder.Britons used to call Alpine-style backpacks "Bergen rucksacks", possibly from the name of their creator, Norwegian Ole F. Bergan.There is a citation needed.
In outdoor contexts, backpacks can often be referred to as "packs", though sometimes ambiguous compared to other bags such as saddlebags and duffel bags, context is generally sufficient for identification.They have been used to carry sports equipment and other materials for a long time.
Evidence of early backpacks was hard to come by.The mummified remains of tzi were found in 3300BC.[5]
There are four categories for backpacks: bodypack, internal frame, external frame and frameless.A pack frame helps to support the pack and distribute the weight of its contents across the body in a more appropriate way.Most of the weight is taken off the shoulders, reducing the chance of injury from shoulder strap pressure, as well as being less restrictive in the upper body range of motion.The majority of backpacks can be closed with either a buckle mechanism, a zip, or a dry-bag type closure, though a few use a cord lock for the main compartment.
A bodypack is a backpack fitted with one or more pockets that are suspended on the wearer's chest and loaded in such a way that the load in the front and the back are close to equal.The hips carry most of the load in a bodypack.The ideal load carrying system should not affect the wearer's posture.The load should not cause unbalanced forces on the body.
A bag attached to a set of shoulder straps is the simplest backpack design.The packs have variable capacity and are used for general transportation of goods.One main pocket is the simplest design.Extra pockets, waist straps, chest straps and padded shoulder straps are included in more sophisticated models, as well as reflective materials for added safety at night.These packs can be produced cheaply.
The outdoor packs that are sold for day hikes, ultralight backpacking and mountaineers are sometimes frameless as well.
Water bladders and hip belts are included in sports and hydration backpacks, which are smaller with a profile closer to the body.Running hydration packs are the lightest and smallest.Hip belts and compression straps are common on top of one's body.The hydration packs are high on the back.Trekking and Hiking hydration packs are generally the largest and heaviest, and daypacks are small.Thirty five up to sixty five litres are common.
The frame packs were designed to carry heavy loads, giving the wearer more support and protection and better weight distribution than a simple, strapped bag.The wooden pack frames were used for hundreds of years.tzi the Iceman may have used one in Alpine Italy, though some archaeologists believe the frame found with the body was part of a snowshoe.Metal versions of such packs first appeared in the 20th century.
The external frame is usually made from aluminum, other lightweight metal alloy, and recently reinforced synthetic polymers or plastic and is equipped with a system of straps and tautly- stretched nets which prevent contact between the metal frame and the user's back.Air circulation between the frame and the wearer's back is created by the stand-off.External frame packs are considered to be a "cooler load" than internal frame designs.External frame packs have a fabric "sack" portion which is smaller than the internal frame pack, but have exposed frame portions above and below the sack to accommodate larger items.The sack can be removed completely, allowing the user to modify the configuration of their load, or to transport a non-conventional load such as a quartered game animal.Military packs are often external frame designs because they can carry loads of different shapes, sizes and weights.
The other type of external frame that was recently proposed is made from plastic that is not flexible and can be shaped like a human spine.Load is transferred to the shoulders through the non-flexible straps in this type of backpack.The structure does not allow for flexibility at the back.There are two flexible drawstrings to prevent backpack movement in the plane.A white glass wool layer is added to the internal part of the backpack to absorb dynamic forces, which could be produced through walking.The backpack type needs further options to be prepared for use.One of the benefits of a backpack with an external frame is that it prevents the spine from moving forward when walking.[5]
The internal frame backpack was invented in 1967, by Greg Lowe, who went on to found Lowe Alpine and Lowepro, companies specializing in backpacks and other forms of carrying bags.An internal-frame pack has a large fabric section around an internal frame composed of strips of either aluminum, titanium or plastic, sometimes with additional metal stays to reinforce the frame.The frame is held in place by a complex series of straps.The internal frame allows the pack to fit closely to the wearer's back, which is desirable when participating in activities that involve upper-body movement such as scrambling over rocky surfaces and skiing.The tight fit of these packs makes them more sweaty than the external frame packs.The internal construction allows for a large storage compartment, but as the frame is completely integrated, it is difficult to securely lash larger and heavier items which do not fit inside the compartment.Smaller load capacity and less comfortable fit were problems for internal frame packs, but newer models have improved in these respects.External frame backpacks have largely been replaced by the improved internal frame models because of their snug fit.
A daypack is a smaller backpack that can hold enough stuff for a day hike or other activities.They are not large enough for wilderness backpacking that uses full-sized sleeping bags and backpacking tents.The waist straps may be padded or unpadded.
backpacks are a primary means of transporting educational materials to and from school in many countries.They are sometimes called bookbags or schoolbags.The purchase of a fashionable, attractive, and useful backpack is a crucial back-to-school ritual for many students.[2]
A typical school backpack lacks the rigid frame of an outdoor-style backpack and only has a few pockets in the front.While traditionally very simple in design, school backpacks are often made with padded shoulder straps and backs as well as additional reinforcement to hold large numbers of heavy textbooks, and safety features such as reflective panels to make the wearer of the pack more visible at night.
The same function is performed by a backpack as a purse.Some backpacks designed for women are smaller than a typical purse, and are associated with younger women.
Some backpacks are designed to carry certain things.Common examples include backpacks for small valuable items such as laptops and cameras, which usually have a padded compartment to hold the computer and medium-sized pockets and flaps to accommodate accessories.These are common in college settings.A few high-end backpacks have solar panels in order to supply the devices with electricity.It was [13].
There are backpacks with wheels on the bottom.When the terrain is not suitable for wheels, the shoulder straps may be used to carry the pack for short distances.Rolling backpacks are used when traveling by plane or train.
There are also backpacks for hydration.The purpose of the light daypacks is to allow the carrier to focus on the mission without having to stop for water breaks.
In most countries, backpacks are a standard part of the load-bearing equipment of soldiers, and military-style packs are available to civilians in military surplus stores.The United States ALICE field pack and the British Army PLCE rucksack attachment are both widely available to civilian markets as actual military surplus and replicas.Such packs are often, though not always.The pack is lashed or pinned to a metal or plastic carrying frame.For units that are entering combat situations, packs can weigh in excess of 100 lbs.Extra weapons, ration, medical supplies, tents or other shelter material may be carried by each soldier.
Many police tactical units, as well as players of military-style combat games such as paintball and airsoft, use these military style tactical backpacks and webbing for storing gear.There is a small but thriving industry devoted to creating historical reproductions of military gear; such companies generally produce period-appropriate uniforms and other gear in addition to backpacks.