A way to inexpensively grow new fruiting varieties in a vineyard is by grafting.Some of the easiest and most successful ways to transplant a new Grapevine onto an old one are cleft, bark, and whip.
Step 1: During the dormant stage, collect canes.
During the middle of winter is the best time to collect scion wood.Smaller, younger shoot systems are referred to as shir wood.The stock is the mature vine that is growing in the ground.Wait until there is a major freeze.The risk of accidentally damaging the fresh shoots is reduced by doing so.
Step 2: Plants that are healthy.
You should only take scion wood from vines that are free of disease, injury, or stress.You should look for canes that have received a lot of sunlight.Canes that grew in shade should be avoided.
Step 3: Cut long enough canes.
The canes you cut for use as scion wood can range in length from 10 cm to 2 feet.If not more, each cane of scion wood should have at least two buds.You should make sure that the canes you cut have buds in multiples of two.Round canes are 5/16 inches to 9/16 inches in diameter.To make a flat cut on the bottom of the cane, use a sharp blade.Excess stem extends beyond the buds on either end.
Step 4: The wood canes should be kept cool and moist.
Wrap the wood in newspaper and put it in a bag.Seal the bags and keep them in a cellar that stays above freezing.Smaller groups can work if necessary, but it's best to bundle scion wood in groups of 100.The ideal temperature is between 34 and 36 degrees.The scion wood needs to be removed from storage before you can plant the vines.Allow them to sit out and slowly warm up.
Step 5: The top of the vine needs to be cut.
Pick a large stock vine and cut off the top 30 minutes before you plan to use the scions.This is the simplest method to use and generally produces good results.The top should be cut based on the head height of the vine.If you want your final head height to be less than 10 cm, you need to make the cut at a clean portion of the vine.
Step 6: The stock should be split.
To split the rootstock down the center of its top surface, use a cold chisel or similar splitting blade.The split needs to be at least 2 inches deep.While you prepare the scions, hold the split open and keep the chisel inside.
Step 7: The scions should be stopped.
To make a "v" shape from the bottoms of two dormant scions, use a sharp, clean blade.Cut from the lowest bud to the bottom of the scion straight.The edge should be 2 inches deep if the split is deep.The outer edge of the scion is a little bigger than the inner edge.It is easier for the scion to come into contact with the correct part of the rootstock if the wood is cut this way.The bottom of the taper should be close to the ground.
Step 8: The scions should be in the split.
The scion should be wedged into one side of the split.The other scion should be put into the other side of the split.Before fitting the scions, remove the chisel.If you have to wedge a scion inside, use a large, flat screwdriver to hold one side of the split open.The scions should be pushed down until the cambium layers meet.The cambium is a single layer of active plant cells.The connection between the two vines will be established at this level.
Step 9: Take care of the split.
Put rubber bands or tape on the sides of the split.Apply the compound to the exposed split.Excess moisture is kept out when the split is sealed.Use a wide, stiff paintbrush to apply the compound.You may want to apply interior latex paint over the dried grafting compound.
Step 10: The vine needs to be removed.
Pick a vine with bark and cut it with a saw.It is one of the simplest methods for grape vines, but it is less successful than cleft grafting.Bark slipping occurs when the bark begins to separate from the wood of the vine.If you want to use this method, you should wait until the bark on the vine splits.You can cut 4 inches from the top of the vine.If you want a shorter head height, you can cut more.
Step 11: A pattern can be cut into the scion.
Use a clean blade to slice off a portion of bark and wood from the bottom of the shoot.The cut should be straight and slanted.The cut should be on the opposite side of the bud.There is a cut on the opposite side of the scion.The shape of this cut should be the same as the primary cut.
Step 12: Match the cut in the stock.
Near the cut top, use the same blade to cut into the side of the rootstock.The portion you cut away should be the same size and shape as the one removed from the scion.The bark should be removed from the intended location.The cut edge of the scion should be against the stock.Cut a slit into the bark.The slit should be the same width and depth as the scion.
Step 13: The scion should be inserted into the cut.
The cut surface of the scion should be put into the cut wedge.The flap of bark on the stock needs to be removed with a flat screwdriver.Before placing the scion into the wedge, a third to one-half of the flap should be removed.The trunk of the stock should be placed against the scion.
Step 14: The area needs to be sealed.
Wrap the vines with a rubber band or heavy-duty tape.The entire exposed area should be sealed.Attach the graft together with brads or staplers from a staple gun.Then apply latex paint over the dried compound.
Step 15: Take out the bottom of the scion.
To cut the bottom of the scion, use a sharp blade.The exposed surface should measure between 1 and 2 inches from lowest to highest point.The method is simpler and works better when you're dealing with young vines.The scion diameter should match the diameter of the vine you plan to use.
Step 16: The stock should be cut at a similar angle.
If you want to cut the top of the rootstock at an angle and length that matches the scion, use a saw or sharp blade.It's best to do this process on vines that are less than two years old.This method is ideal for vines that are too small to be grafted using cleft or bark.
Step 17: The cambium layers have to be matched.
The scion should be positioned over the rootstock.The cambium layers of the vine should be arranged so that they meet.The cambium is a single layer of plant cells.If the two vines are to join into one vine, they must be connected at the cambium layers.If the scion is larger than the rootstock, you may need to match the cambium layer on one side of the graft only.
Step 18: The tongue should be cut into the pieces.
If you want to mirror the slice in the scion, slice into the rootstock with a sharp blade.The pieces of wood should fit together.Both cuts should start from the point of a sloped cut on the stock and scion.The tongues help keep the structure more rigid.
Step 19: The area needs to be sealed.
Wrap the area of the vine with heavy-duty tape or similar material, then apply a generous layer of grafting compound over the exposed vine.It is important with all methods, but especially so with this one.Wrap the area with thick rubber tape or electrical tape.Add a coat of interior latex paint to the asphalt compound after it dries and use a stiff paintbrush to apply it.