The cytochalasins bind to the plus end of microfilaments; block further polymerization; and inhibit cell motility, phagocytosis, microfilament-based trafficking of organelles and vesicles, and the production of lamellipodia and microspikes.
What effect does cytochalasin D have on macrophages?
Treatment of alveolar macrophages with cytochalasin D inhibits uptake and subsequent growth of Legionella pneumophila.
How does cytochalasin modulate polymerization?
Cytochalasins reduce the viscosity of actin gels, by both decreasing the average filament length through a change in the steady state between net polymerizing and depolymerizing ends, and by inhibiting the reannealing of spontaneous breaks in F‐actin.
What do you predict will happen to the microfilaments after cell treatment with cytochalasin D?
In Prl-treated cells some microfilaments were broken resulting in a diffuse immunofluorescent pattern. After treatment with cytochalasin B and D many of the stress fibers disappeared, the cells became rounded and diffuse microfilaments were seen.
What effect does cytochalasin B have on dividing animal cells?
Cytochalasin B (CB) prevents cytokinesis in animal cells. In normal cells nuclear division and DNA synthesis are also blocked and the cells, held in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, remain either mononucleate or binucleate.
What does cytochalasin D do to cells?
Cytochalasin D treatment severely disrupts network organization, increases the number of actin filament ends, and leads to the formation of filamentous aggregates or foci composed mainly of actin filaments.
Does cytochalasin inhibit cytokinesis?
As cytochalasin B inhibits actin filament polymerization, many cellular processes depending on actin filament functions are affected. Cytokinesis is inhibited, however, mitosis is unaffected.
How does cytochalasin B affect cells?
Cytochalasin B (CB) is a cell-permeable mycotoxin. It inhibits cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments, it inhibits cell movement and induces nuclear extrusion. The cells exhibited apoptotic morphology, including cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation.17 Jul 2013