The original Kligman's formula has been modified in many ways over the years and the most recent modification that has been introduced is a triple combination of 2% hydroquinone, 0.025% tretinoin, and 1% mometasone.
What is modified Kligman formula?
Modified Kligman's formula is 2% hydroquinone plus 0.05% tretinoin cream plus 1% hydrocortisone cream. Six serial glycolic acid peels were applied to half the patients every 3 weeks.
Does hydroquinone lighten skin permanently?
Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone, which is a permanent depigmentating agent, should never be used to treat melasma, as it causes irreversible loss of pigment.
What is hydroquinone in?
Hydroquinone is used in a cream or lotion formulation in a concentration of 1-5%. It is often found in a combination formulation with other skin lightening agents such as topical retinoids (to increase efficiency) and low potency topical steroids (to reduce irritancy).
What is Kligman's formula?
Components of the widely known Kligman's formula are 0.1% tretinoin, 0.1% dexamethasone, 5.0% hydroquinone, and hydrophilic ointment.
How can I cure melasma?
Hydroquinone: This medication is a common first treatment for melasma. Tretinoin and corticosteroids: To enhance skin lightening, your dermatologist may prescribe a second medicine. Other topical (applied to the skin) medicines: Your dermatologist may prescribe azelaic acid or kojic acid to help reduce melasma.
What does hydroquinone do to the body?
Hydroquinone bleaches your skin by decreasing the number of melanocytes present. Melanocytes make melanin, which is what produces your skin tone. In cases of hyperpigmentation, more melanin is present due to an increase in melanocyte production.
What does hydroquinone do to face?
Hydroquinone is used to lighten the dark patches of skin (also called hyperpigmentation, melasma, "liver spots," "age spots," freckles) caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin. This medicine works by blocking the process in the skin that leads to discoloration.
Is hydroquinone safe to use on the face?
The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology (AOCD) suggest that people avoid getting the product in their eyes and only use small amounts on the face. Long-term use of hydroquinone could give rise to ochronosis. Ochronosis causes a blue-black pigmentation and caviar-like spots to develop on the skin.
Is hydroquinone harmful to the skin?
There isn't any clinical evidence currently to suggest that hydroquinone is harmful to humans. However, minor side effects are still possible. It may cause a temporary uptick in redness or dryness at first, especially if you have sensitive skin. These effects should fade as your skin becomes used to the product.
What are the side effects of hydroquinone cream?
- severe skin redness, burning, or stinging;
- severe skin dryness, cracking, or bleeding;
- blisters or oozing; or.
- blue or black discoloration of the skin (especially if you are Hispanic or African-American).
Is hydroquinone safe for long-term use?
Chronic adverse events related to exposure to hydroquinone are of greater concern. These complications include ochronosis, nail discoloration, conjunctival melanosis, and corneal degeneration. Ochronosis is the most common chronic complication related to long-term use of hydroquinone.