What is the difference between descriptive and correlational research design?
Case studies.A case study is a method of obtaining information.Through studies of individual clinical cases, a lot of information about behavior and mental processes has been obtained.Sigmund Freud formulated his theory after many years of treating and studying patients with emotional problems.The procedure is time consuming, and it is difficult to get data from a broad sample of people.
There are surveys.People are asked questions about the topic of concern in a survey.A wellknown example is the Kinsey survey on sexual behavior.There are problems and limitations to surveys.The people who respond may not be representative of the population as a whole.
Naturalistic observation.naturalistic observation, in which people or animals are observed in their everyday behaviors, and their behaviors of interest are documented, is an approach to gathering information.Valuable information on lions has come from studying them in their natural habitats rather than in a zoo because their zoo behavior may be different.In a home environment, the behavior of a human may be different than in a laboratory.
Testing is done for psychological reasons.Standardized procedures have been developed to measure specific behaviors of organisms.The intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests are used to predict behaviors.Reliable and valid tests are needed to be useful.
There is correlation.Correlation is a measure of a relationship between two or more variables.The correlation techniques discussed above allow a statement about that relationship.correlation doesn't mean causality, simply because two events are in some way correlated, does not mean that one causes the other.The correlation of gender with mathematical ability can be seen in some test data, which shows that boys get higher math scores on college entrance exams than girls.One needs to show that both the boys and the girls in the study have the same mathematics background.Some studies show that girls are discouraged from taking more than the minimum mathematics requirements.Parents may believe that a girl doesn't need much mathematical training to be a good wife and mother.
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