The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10-34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s-1, where the meter and the second are defined in terms of c and ΔνCs.
What is difference between thermodynamic temperature and temperature?
There is no difference between temperature and thermodynamic temperature. Wikipedia has a nice writeup. The book likely uses the adjective in order to differentiate from ill-defined conventional connotations. Temperature is an ensemble property, e.g., an ideal gas has an average energy of 12kBT.
What is meant by thermodynamic?
thermodynamics, science of the relationship between heat, work, temperature, and energy. In broad terms, thermodynamics deals with the transfer of energy from one place to another and from one form to another.