Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) is a rare benign disease with chronic lymphocytosis of polyclonal origin, first described in 1982, which occurs more frequently in middle-aged female smokers. These are mostly mild lymphocytosis and are mostly symptom-free or show unspecific symptoms such as fatigue.
What causes polyclonal activation of B cells?
Conversely, polyclonal activation can be triggered by microorganisms to avoid the host-specific, immune response by activating B cell clones, which produce nonmicroorganism-specific antibodies.
Why a viral or bacterial infection usually creates a polyclonal response?
Producing Polyclonal Antibodies Because most antigens are complex structures with multiple epitopes, they result in the production of multiple antibodies in the lab animal. This so-called polyclonal antibody response is also typical of the response to infection by the human immune system.
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.
What causes activation of B cells?
B cells are activated when their B cell receptor (BCR) binds to either soluble or membrane bound antigen. The microcluster eventually undergoes a contraction phase and forms an immunological synapse, this allows for a stable interaction between B and T cells to provide bidirectional activation signals.
Are monoclonal B cells normal?
From an epidemiological perspective, the majority of individuals with MBL have very small clonal lymphocyte populations, a B-cell count within the normal range, and appear to be at low likelihood of developing CLL.
Is monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis a cancer?
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a non-cancerous condition. This condition causes an increased number of abnormal B-cells called lymphocytes in the blood.
What causes MBL?
Individuals with MBL usually present with unexplained increases in blood lymphocyte counts (i.e. lymphocytosis). The most common causes for lymphocytosis are viral infections, autoimmune diseases (particularly connective tissue diseases), hypersensitivity reactions, acute stress reactions, and prior splenectomy.
What is the difference between MBL and CLL?
MBL is a condition that resembles CLL, but isn't classed as leukaemia as there aren't enough abnormal cells present. MBL doesn't require treatment, but you will need regular blood tests to monitor your lymphocyte count. A small number of people with MBL develop CLL that requires treatment.
Is MBL the same as CLL?
The abnormal B-lymphocytesB-lymphocytesB cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system. B cells produce antibody molecules; however, these antibodies are not secreted.https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › B_cellB cell - Wikipedia have the same characteristics as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). MBL is seen as a precursor (pre-cancerous) condition. CLL is a type of lymphoma that is caused by abnormal B-lymphocytes.
Is all chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cell type?
It is important for doctors to find out whether the disease is caused by the overgrowth of T cells or B cells. B-cell CLL. More than 95% of people with CLL have the B-cell type.
Is CLL a lymphoma or leukemia?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. It's a type of cancer that starts in cells that become certain white blood cells (called lymphocytes) in the bone marrow. The cancer (leukemia) cells start in the bone marrow but then go into the blood.