The Sun King: BiographyWestern Chapter 15 flashcards is about the life of Louis XIV.
Louis XIV was born in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France.He became king in the 16th century.He began to reform France as of 1661.He invaded the Spanish Netherlands in 1667.He engaged France in the Franco-Dutch War.He led a war between France and the Grand Alliance.The public was hostile to Louis XIV by the 1680s.He died in France on September 1, 1715.
On September 5, 1638, Louis XIV was born in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France.His mother was the Hapsburg Spanish queen Anne of Austria, and his father was Louis XIII, king of France.Philippe was two years younger than Louis XIV.
The father of Louis XIV passed away when he was just 4 years old.Louis XIV became the leader of 19 million French subjects and a highly unstable government after succeeding his father to the throne.Louis XIV was given a practical education rather than a scholarly one when he was a child.Cardinal Jules Mazarin, the Chief Minister of Italy, was responsible for tutoring the boy in history, politics and the arts.Louis XIV's governor, Nicolas de Neufville, was appointed to keep watch over the boy, but the monarch was overlooked as a child, if not a ruler in the making.
The Parlement of Paris rebelled against Louis XIV's chief minister, Mazarin.They waged a civil war against their supporters in order to overthrow the crown.Poverty and starvation were suffered by Louis XIV during the long war.Mazarin achieved victory over the rebels in 1653.As Louis XIV stood by and observed his mentor, Mazarin began to build an elaborate administration.Louis XIV had come of age, but he was still afraid to question Mazarin.
Louis XIV fell in love with the niece of Mazarin.He married the daughter of the king of Spain in 1660 in order to fulfill his duty.The peace treaty that Mazarin wanted to establish with Hapsburg Spain was ensured by the marriage.
Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true power throughout Louis XIV's early reign, despite Anne becoming his regent when he took the throne as a child.When Louis XIV was in his 20s, he took control of the French government after the death of Mazarin.France was to be reformed according to Louis XIV's own vision after he assumed full responsibility for the kingdom.
His first goal was to control France.With the help of his finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV established reforms that cut France's deficit and promoted industrial growth.France's disorganized system of taxation was improved by Louis XIV.He made nobility exempt from paying taxes, which made them even more dependent on the crown.
Louis XIV forced provincial nobles to give up their political influence in order to implement administrative reforms that made the French government more stable.He built a more centralized administration with the bourgeoisie in mind.
Along with his changes to the government, Louis XIV created a number of programs to promote the arts in France.The Royal Academy of Music was founded in 1666.Colbert oversaw the construction of the Paris Observatory from 1667 to 1672.
Louis XIV's approach to foreign policy was excessive.The Spanish Netherlands was invaded in 1667 by his wife's rightful inheritance.The War of Devolution ended when the French surrendered and gave the land back to Spain.France only succeeded in occupying a few towns in Flanders.
Louis XIV was dissatisfied with the outcome of the Franco-Dutch War and engaged his country in it from 1672 to 1678.France became a dominant power as a result of the victory.France was positioned as a threat to other European nations due to this status and Louis XIV's campaigns to continually expand territorial claims through the use of military force.
The nations of Spain, England, and the Holy Roman Empire formed the Grand Alliance at the end of the 1680s.The war between France and the Grand Alliance began in 1688 and lasted for nearly a decade.
Louis XIV had begun to generate public hostility due to his efforts to establish religious uniformity throughout France.The Huguenots' rights as a religious majority were revoked by the king in 1685 because he was a catholic.Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV destroyed Protestant churches and schools and forced all children to become Catholics.Many Protestants left France because of the revocation and the new edict.
France still held most of its original territory after the war against the Grand Alliance.The decline of Louis XIV as a leader was worsened by the War of the Spanish Succession.Louis XIV wanted to protect the right of his grandson, Philip V, to inherit the Spanish Empire, so he placed his personal interests above his country.France was deep in debt because of the long war, which caused famine.The public blamed Louis XIV for France's financial ruin.
Louis XIV died of gangrene a few days before his 77th birthday.Louis XIV passed the throne to his 5-year-old great-grandson, Louis XV, who was the last male heir of the Duc de Bourgogne.
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Before the French Revolution of 1789, Louis XIV was the last king of France.He was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793.
Louis XII was the King of France until his death in 1795.
Napoleon III was emperor of France from 1852 to 1870.His downfall came during the Franco-Prussian War when he was captured.
During the Age of Enlightenment, Charles-Louis de Secondat was a highly influential political thinker.